The Frequency of Low Scores on ImPACT in Adolescent Student-Athletes: Stratification by Race and Socioeconomic Status Using Multivariate Base Rates

This study examined the associations between the frequency of low scores on the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) by race and socioeconomic status (SES), using the proxy of Title I school status, among adolescent student-athletes and calculated multivariate base rates. There were 753 participants assigned to groups based on race (White: n = 430, 59.8%; Black: n = 289, 40.2%) and SES. Black student-athletes obtained more low neurocognitive test scores, which was associated with lower SES. The current study offers a resource to clinicians involved in concussion management who may wish to consider race and SES when interpreting ImPACT test performances.