Abstract:
Objective: To compare symptom status and neurocognitive functioning of concussed non-headache (non-HA) athletes, concussed athletes complaining of headache (HA), and concussed athletes with characteristics of posttraumatic migraine (PTM). Method: Neurocognitive testing data was collected from 262 participants (16.37±2.60 years). Athletes were separated into the three groups described above. ImPACT summary scores for verbal and visual memory, visual motor speed, reaction time, and total symptom scores were analysed. Results: Significant differences existed between the three groups for all outcome measures. The PTM group demonstrated significantly greater cognitive deficits as compared to the HA and the non-HA group. The PTM group also exhibited the greatest amount of departure from baseline scores. Discussion: Observed data suggest that PTM characteristics triggered by sports-related concussion are related to increased neurocognitive dysfunction. All athletes suffering concussion should be assessed for symptom status and neurocognitive function to better determine recovery. Given increased impairments observed in the PTM group, clinicians should exercise increased caution in the management and return to play decision-making process in this population.